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Battle of the Punchbowl
The Battle of the Punchbowl, was one of the last battles of the movement phase of the Korean War. Following the breakdown of armistice negotiations in August 1951, the United Nations Command decided to launch a limited offensive in the late summer/early autumn to shorten and straighten sections of their lines, acquire better defensive terrain, and deny the enemy key vantage points from which they could observe and target UN positions. The Battle of Bloody Ridge took place west of the Punchbowl from August–September 1951 and this was followed by the Battle of Heartbreak Ridge northwest of the Punchbowl from September–October 1951. At the end of the UN offensive in October 1951, UN Forces controlled the line of hills north of the Punchbowl.
==Prelude==
The second impulse of the Chinese People's Volunteer Army (PVA) Fifth Phase Offensive was stopped by 20 May 1951 and UN forces counterattacked forcing the PVA back to Line Kansas along the southern edge of the Punchbowl by 20 June 1951.〔Montandon, p.33〕
The first armistice negotiations began at Kaesong on 10 July 1951. The armistice negotiations broke down in August 1951 and the Eighth Army Commander, General James Van Fleet decided to launch a limited offensive to shorten and straighten sections of the lines, acquire better defensive terrain, and deny the enemy key vantage points from which they could observe and target UN positions and coerce the Chinese and North Koreans back to the negotiating table. With the defenses of Line Kansas largely completed General Van Fleet decided to convert the combat outpost line, known as the Wyoming Line into an advanced main line of resistance, where the terrain allowed. The Wyoming Line varied between and forward of the Kansas Line.〔Smith, p.449〕
In late August three regiments of the 1st Marine Division were given orders to move from their reserve areas around Inje County to support the UN offensive〔Montandon, p.44〕 and distract PVA and Korean People's Army (KPA) reinforcements from the Battle of Bloody Ridge.〔Montandon, p.46〕 The 1st Marine Division was ordered to attack Yoke Ridge () and advance to a new defensive line to be called the Hays Line marked by the southern edge of the Soyang River to the north of the Punchbowl.〔Montandon, p.44〕 On 30 August, in preparation for the attack a battalion of 1st Korean Marine Corps Regiment (1st KMC) occupied Hill 793 () on the eastern edge of the Punchbowl between Line Kansas and Yoke Ridge.〔Montandon, p.61〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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